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The first species accepted as proto-human was
Australopithecus - a gracile being that has often been presented as the
missing link. They came into existence about 4 million years ago. Earth
has existed for about 4.5 billion years and that means we've been around
for less than 0.08% of the time the world has.
The Dinosaurs survived for approximately 165,000,000 years about 3.6% of
the Earth's total geological history. They were one of the most
successful complex life forms on this planet. They're all dead and have
been for about 65 million years. Modern humans are perhaps only 200,000
years old. As a species, and measured, against "deep time" we've not
survived very long at all ...
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IS GENETIC ENGINEERING THE FUTURE OF
THE HUMAN SPECIES?
"Human or not any longer?" |
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11. MASS GENETIC MUTATION
Now this is a very scary scenario that needs some
background information. Bacteria, Amoeba, Plants, Animals and even
you are all living organisms often just referred to as “life” and are
determined by genes passed down through the ages. Genes are based on
DNA that has taken billions of years to evolve into the complex “life”
that exists today. These genes do mutate naturally but usually with
tiny changes over a long period of time. If they’re “good mutations”
then the species improves and evolves as the new mutation is spread
through the breeding population. If it’s “bad mutation” then usually
the creature often fails to survive long enough to pass it on or fails
to compete with its stronger competitors or predators. However some
bad genetic mutations make it through and spread throughout the
population. Some horrible genetic weaknesses that made it into the
greater human population, and now cause disease, include: Angelman
Syndrome, Colour Blindness, Down Syndrome, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy,
Haemophilia, and Sickle-cell Disease. There are more.
Today, thanks to modern genetic engineering,
mankind is able to create in a few months the kind of genetic
adaptation that might have previously taken a million years. This is
unnatural! (not in nature) The genetic engineers assure us that it’s
safe but many other scientists are very concerned. In this scenario a
“very bad mutation” makes it into the human population and has a
devastating impact. It might trigger a new kind of disease that kills
everyone or it might cause a slower series of mutations that, over time,
transform humans into something else that isn’t human anymore. (I Am
Legend – 2007 / Resident Evil - 2002) Just remember this – it doesn’t
matter how many times the genetic engineers get it right – they only
need to get it badly wrong once!
12. MACHINES & ROBOTS
In the exceptional 1982 film, Blade Runner,
(based on the book - Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep) Harrison Ford
discovers that his rather “messed-up” world is under threat from
artificial humans that are a fusion of synthetics and bioengineering
(Replicants).In the 1999 film, The Matrix, a man called Neo discovers
that he is just a “mind” plugged into a vast network that simulates
reality and the world is actually run by machines and robots. In the
science fiction novel “Gravity Dreams” by L. E. Modesitt and published
in 2000 – the central character discovers that his world was once
nearly destroyed by nanobots – tiny self-replicating machines small
enough to live in the cells of human beings. In the 2002 film, I
Robot, the world comes close to being taken over by a fantastic
artificially intelligent man-made brain that has an army of robots at
its command. The Science fiction tales are many and often based on
science-fact. There are literally dozens of examples. Humans are
pushing ever harder to perfect nano-technology, Japanese robot toys are
becoming more intelligent by the year and synthetic body parts are the
next big thing in medicine. This is the scenario. Humans create
machines (robots) that are stronger and smarter than we are. The
machines stop doing what humans want and start doing what they want.
Conflict follows – Machines win. Goodbye humans.
13. TECTONIC MANTLE SLIP
It is completely accepted by science that the
crust of the earth floats on a subterranean ocean of molten rock. These
tectonic plates move very slowly and are the cause of continental
drift. Proponents of the Tectonic Mantle Slip theory believe that there
is some evidence to suggest that periodically the entire crust “slips”
on the molten core and all the land masses are relocated in different
parts of the world. This slip can happen very quickly over a period
of just a few months. The result of a modern day slip would be
catastrophic for humanity. The earthquakes and increased volcanism
would just about wipe us out as would the tidal waves, mega-storms and
tsunamis. However, those that survived would find themselves living in
very different and unstable climates. Ecosystems would fail and
social infrastructure would collapse totally. Desert countries might
find themselves washed away by monsoons; fertile farmland could be
relocated to Arctic zones. Strangely, our Paleolithic ancestors who
were used to harsh conditions are likely to have survived such a
cataclysmic event far better than we would today.
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14. GAMMA RAY BURSTS
It is only recently that scientist recognized the
threat posed by GRB’s or (Gamma Ray Bursts). These energy emissions
were first discovered in the late 1960s by the US “Vela” nuclear test
detection satellites. The Velas were built to detect gamma-radiation
pulses emitted by nuclear weapon tests in space. The most popular
theory for the origin of Gamma Ray Burst is that they are generated by a
dying star that is consumed from within by a black hole. As the star
finally collapses the phenomenon ejects a massive and deadly burst of
Gamma energy. If you’re close to this event – say within a thousand
light years then your planet is toast – literally. Basically the world
is burnt to a cinder and then frozen in a nuclear-type winter for
thousands of years. A few fish and cockroaches might survive but to be
honest we’re not sure about the fish. If you’re further away but still
within range then the planet might just lose its ozone layer and
experience 10 years of acid rain. The fact is that nobody is a 100%
sure what creates these bursts of super-deadly radiation but there is
no doubt they are happening – events are now recorded by satellites up
to several times per day. So … let’s hope that one’s not coming to a
neighbourhood near us. (By the way this is an extremely abbreviated
disaster scenario. We could have written pages about the ghastly
effects of Gamma Ray Bursts but there just didn’t seem to be much
point. Everything dies … the end!
15. MOON CATASTROPHE
Many people do not realise how important the moon
is to the historic protection and future survival of this Planet.
The moon intercepts meteors, creates tides, balances the rotation of
the planet and may even keep the core of this planet moving and
generating the magnetic shield that protects us from solar radiation.
If for some reason the moon was destroyed the Earth could be left very
vulnerable. Some experts claim that the lack of a moon would create
such chaos that humanity would be exterminated while other experts say
that it would definitely be a problem but not an Extinction Level Event
(ELE) unless a big enough part of the moon fell back onto the Earth.
Is the destruction of the moon possible? The answer is yes. Between
the 16th to the 20th July 1994 an asteroid, Shoemaker Levy 9 crashed
into the planet Jupiter. Had this object impacted the moon (8,000
times smaller) then it could have split the moon into two smaller molten
moons that could have well drifted away. Is it possible? The answer
is yes. Likely – not yet. By the way, if Shoemaker Levy Nine had hit
us then it would have been goodbye humanity in less than 11 minutes.
The good news is that the Moon has been around for billions of years and
it hasn’t happed yet.
16. (NEW) COLLIDING DIMENSIONS / THE NEXT BIG BANG
There has not been much written about this
possible ending for two reasons. Firstly, the science behind it is
very theoretical, hard to explain and even harder to follow. Secondly,
it hasn’t happened anywhere we can see even with our most powerful
telescopes and star watching instruments. This is a very simplified
explanation. We, and everything else in our universe, exist in a
dimension. There are other dimensions even if you don’t understand or
believe in them. When they collide they create vast amounts of energy
and matter. The result is a “Big Bang” exactly like the one that
created everything our universe. This End of the World theory is that
if this is true then at any time and in any place there could suddenly
be a second “Big Bang” event. This would naturally have devastating
consequences for any physical matter (Us, the World, Galaxies etc.)
that already existed.
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17. ALIEN INVASION
There are billions of stars in the universe and
recent science has shown that many of these have planets that orbit
them. This could mean that there are trillions (maybe zillions) of
planets out there. It is almost a statistical impossibility that none
of these support intelligent life. We know of at least one – us.
However, according to Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity – nothing
can travel faster than the speed of light. This means that even if
there are aliens living in nearby star systems it would take decades
for them to reach us. Of course it is possible that these aliens have
found a way around this problem and can zip across to Earth as easily
as we visit the local supermarket but it’s just very unlikely. In this
scenario these pesky “zipping” and incredibly advanced aliens decide
that they want our World and don’t want us hanging around asking for
free Medicare and the secrets of the universe. Basically they
experiment on us for a while and then after they get bored with
dissecting cows and various sexual investigations, they kill us all.
It’s not that we don’t believe in aliens we are absolutely certain they
exist – we just don’t believe they can get here! Of course we could
be wrong.
18. THE UNIVERSAL SWITCH OFF
This is a very simple theory. In the beginning
there was nothing (absolutely no single thing) and then there was
something. Scientists call this event the “Big Bang”. We know this
happened because we can actually hear the echoes of this event with our
most powerful telescopes. It happened about 10 billion years ago. The
foundation of this theory states that if something can be created from
nothing – “The Great Switch On” – then just as easily it could be
“Switched Off” – something into nothing. Don’t be fooled into
dismissing this theory because it is simple – this could well be the
most dangerous threat to all existence and not just our lonely little
planet. Please take note – the great and unexplainable “Switch On” is a
universally accepted scientific event – it happened. However,
according to Isaac Newton: “For every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction. Although there isn’t much more to say, this theory
really worries us.
19. ROGUE BLACK HOLE
In this theory a black hole (the incredibly
dense heart of a dead star) enters our solar system. At first it would
really stir up the asteroid belt so the chances are Earth would be
destroyed by a meteor or asteroid long before eventually being
swallowed by the black hole. They say it could happen at any time
because black holes – particularly the smaller ones – can be very hard
to spot as not even light can escape their massive gravity.
Fortunately many mainstream scientists and astronomers are very
skeptical and firmly believe that if there was a black hole close enough
to be a threat they’d have noticed it by now. Still, if we are
considering a much longer period – say hundreds of millions of years
then it is just as likely as any other theory.
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20. WAR OF THE SEXES
We’re not sure about this one but the basic
concept was featured in the 1976 book “A World out of Time” by Larry
Niven – a much respected futurologist and science fiction writer.
Basically there is a conflict between the human X & Y chromosome
and the males and females of our species simply cannot produce anymore
children. Females solve this problem through self reproduction (a form
of hermaphrodism that already exists) and, over time, become a
separate species on their own. Males die out. Something would survive
but it would not be humanity as we know it.
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